Renal Vascular and Morphological Alteration in Type 2 Diabetes with Preserved Renal Function: Comparative Analysis Study with Non-diabetic Subjects

Rafal Razzaq Al-Khalidi; Aws Riyadh Al Esawi; Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi; Ahmed Adil Al-Khadi

doi:10.54133/ajms.v9i2.2438

Authors

Rafal Razzaq Al-Khalidi Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Jabir Ibn Hayyan University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Najaf, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2576-2339
Aws Riyadh Al Esawi Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Jabir Ibn Hayyan University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Najaf, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2801-1499
Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4508-0035
Ahmed Adil Al-Khadi Department of Internal Medicine, Al Sader Medical City, Najaf, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7319-921X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v9i2.2438

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus, Renal changes, Renal resistive index, Ultrasonographic dimensions

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a chronic systemic disorder; it is a major cause of chronic kidney disease. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial in preventing further progression. Objective: To evaluate renal changes in type 2 diabetes with normal renal function using ultrasonography compared to healthy controls. Methods: History, anthropometric measures, and laboratory investigations were performed for all participants. All participants were normotensive with normal renal function. For both groups, renal ultrasonography was used to evaluate renal length, parenchymal thickness, interlobar artery diameter, and renal resistive index of the kidneys. Correlation analysis was sought between renal parameters and clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory parameters for the diabetic group. Results: 105 diabetic and 110 healthy controls were included. The mean age of the diabetic group was 53.5 years and 53.6 years in the non-diabetic group. The mean body mass index (BMI) for diabetics was 27.5 and 26.7 in non-diabetics (p>0.05). A significantly higher HbA1c, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and S. creatinine level in diabetics. There was a big difference in the kidney parameters of both groups. Diabetic patients had a significantly longer left kidney, more parenchymal thickness, a resistive index, and a decrease in interlobar artery diameter compared to the non-diabetics. The right kidney length was the same between the groups. Patient age, BMI, diabetes duration, HbA1c, and FBS levels may have predicted these differences. Conclusions: Renal ultrasound is valuable in early detection of structural and vascular changes in the diabetic population.

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