Impact of Acute and Chronic Stress on Novel Kidney Injury and CBC-Derived Inflammatory Biomarkers in Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v9i1.2022Keywords:
Acute Stress, Chronic Stress, KIM-1, Kidney injury, Novel biomarkersAbstract
Background: Stress is associated with structural and physiological changes in various organs, but its impact on kidney injury is not well-studied. Objective: To investigate the physiological changes in the kidneys of acutely and chronically stressed rats. Methods: Twenty-four rats were assigned to three groups (n=8). Negative control (NC): unstressed, acute stress (AS): exposed to cold-restraint stress for three hours, chronic stress (CS): exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) protocol for one month. The animals were sacrificed, and blood and kidney tissue were collected for assessment of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), cystatin C, serum creatinine, blood urea, interleukin-6 (IL-6), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and complete blood count (CBC)-derived markers. Results: A significant elevation of KIM-1 and cystatin C levels in AS and CS groups and serum creatinine in rats exposed to CS was observed with a significant reduction in the serum level of IL-6 in acute and chronically stressed rats. TAC was elevated non-significantly in the AS group; however, it was significantly elevated in the CS group. CBC-derived biomarkers like neutrophil/lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte, and monocyte/lymphocyte ratios showed a significant increase in favor of inflammatory responses. Conclusions: Chronic and acute stress exert a detrimental effect on the kidney, with chronic stress resulting in more severe injuries. Chronic stress has a complex effect on antioxidants and inflammatory processes. This might be related to the adaptive physiological mechanism and/or alteration in the hematological parameters, which represents the stress-induced inflammatory process.
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