Clinicopathological Features of Colorectal Cancer in the Iraqi Population Focusing on Age and Early-Onset of Malignancy: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Rand Mutanna Farhad; Eman Saadi Saleh; Ahmed Zuhair Alsammarraie

doi:10.54133/ajms.v5i.158

Authors

Rand Mutanna Farhad Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2517-5045
Eman Saadi Saleh Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Ahmed Zuhair Alsammarraie Oncology Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-961X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v5i.158

Keywords:

Early-onset CRC, Late-onset CRC, Rctal bleeding, Clinicopathological features

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top ten most common cancers worldwide. There are multiple risk factors for CRC, one of which is aging. However, in recent years, CRC has been reported in children. Objective: To describe the main characteristics and symptoms of CRC as well as highlight pathologic data for early-onset CRC. Methods: 79 CRC patients were recruited from the Oncology Teaching Hospital in the period February–December 2022. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Results: 25 (31.6%) of patients were below 50 years of age. 52 (65.8%) patients had tumors in the colon. The most common symptom is bleeding per rectum in both age groups. There was no significant difference in pathologic characteristics between early- and late-onset CRC. Conclusion: Although older people are more likely to develop CRC, both age groups can be affected. Younger and older individuals both had roughly similar symptoms and clinicopathologic features.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Rand Mutanna Farhad, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

References

Xi Y, Xu P. Global colorectal cancer burden in 2020 and projections to 2040. Transl Oncol. 2021;14(10):101174. doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101174.

Ahmad R, Singh JK, Wunnava A, Al-Obeed O, Abdulla M, Srivastava SK. Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med. 2021;47(3):14. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4847.

Al Alwan NA. Cancer control and oncology care in Iraq. J Contemp Med Sci. 2022;8(1):82-85. doi: 10.22317/jcms.v8i1.1154.

Hussain AM, Lafta RK. Cancer trends in Iraq 2000-2016. Oman Med J. 2021;36(1):e219. doi: 10.5001/omj.2021.18.

Keum N, Giovannucci E. Global burden of colorectal cancer: emerging trends, risk factors and prevention strategies. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;16(12):713-732. doi: 10.1038/s41575-019-0189-8.

Dekker E, Tanis PJ, Vleugels JLA, Kasi PM, Wallace MB. Colorectal cancer. Lancet. 2019;394(10207):1467-1480. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32319-0.

Abbood IS, Aziz IH. Genetic variation in BRAF gene among Iraqi colorectal cancer patients. Iraqi J Biotechnol. 2018;17(3):78-84.

Fleming M, Ravula S, Tatishchev SF, Wang HL. Colorectal carcinoma: Pathologic aspects. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2012;3(3):153-173. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2012.030.

Mármol I, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Pradilla Dieste A, Cerrada E, Rodriguez Yoldi MJ. Colorectal carcinoma: A general overview and future perspectives in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(1):197. doi: 10.3390/ijms18010197.

Hanon BM, Al-Mohaimen Mohammad NA, Mahmood AS. CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) correlation with clinical and morphological feature of colorectal cancer in Iraqi patients. Pan Arab J Oncol. 2015;8(2):6-13.

Mahood WS, Nadir MI, Tobal K, Asker BA. Methylation status of p16 gene in Iraqi colorectal cancer patients. Iraqi J Biotechnol. 2014;13(2):237-247.

Mauri G, Sartore-Bianchi A, Russo AG, Marsoni S, Bardelli A, Siena S. Early-onset colorectal cancer in young individuals. Mol Oncol. 2019;13(2):109-131. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.12417.

Khan SA, Morris M, Idrees K, Gimbel MI, Rosenberg S, Zeng Z, et al. Colorectal cancer in the very young: a comparative study of tumor markers, pathology and survival in early onset and adult onset patients. J Pediatr Surg. 2016;51(11):1812-1817. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.07.015.

Aljarshawi M, Albadree H, Bahar H, Al-Imam A. Misleading presentation of colorectal cancer in an otherwise healthy patient. J Faculty Med Baghdad. 2020;62(4):132-138. doi: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6241800.

Mahmood AH, Zeiny SM, Mahmood AS. Serological markers “CEA test & sAPRIL test” in Iraqi patients with colon cancer. J Faculty Med Baghdad. 2017;59(4):317-320. doi: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.59472.

Alrubaie A, Alkhalidi N, Abd-Alhusain S. A clinical study of newly-diagnosed colorectal cancer over 2 years in a gastroenterology center in Iraq. J Coloproctol (Rio de Janeiro). 2019;39:217-222. doi: 10.53350/pjmhs22163328.

Weiser MR. AJCC 8th Edition: Colorectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2018;25:1454-1455. doi: 10.1245/s10434-018-6462-1.

Clinton SK, Giovannucci EL, Hursting SD. The world cancer research fund/American institute for cancer research third expert report on diet, nutrition, physical activity, and cancer: Impact and future directions. J Nutr. 2020;150(4):663-671. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz268.

Ibrahem S, Ahmed H, Zangana S. Trends in colorectal cancer in Iraq over two decades: incidence, mortality, topography and morphology. Ann Saudi Med. 2022;42(4):252-261. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2022.252.

Al-Saigh TH, Al-Bayati SA, Abdulmawjood SA, Ahmed FA. Descriptive study of colorectal cancer in Iraq, 1999-2016. Ann Coll Med Mosul. 2019;41(1):81-85. doi: 10.33899/mmed.2019.161330.

Alsafi RA, Metib NJ, Hameedi AD, Alqanbar MF. The clinical and pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer in young age group in Karbala province/ Iraq. Karb J Med. 2019;11(2):4025.

Dhahir NK, Noaman, A. A. A Comparative study of colorectal cancer based on patient’s age. J Faculty Med Baghdad. 2021;63(2):70-73. doi: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6321825.

Burnett-Hartman AN, Lee JK, Demb J, Gupta S. An update on the epidemiology, molecular characterization, diagnosis, and screening strategies for early-onset colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(4):1041-1049. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.068.

Chen FW, Sundaram V, Chew TA, Ladabaum U. Advanced-stage colorectal cancer in persons younger than 50 years not associated with longer duration of symptoms or time to diagnosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(5):728-737. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.10.038.

Patel SG, Ahnen DJ. Colorectal cancer in the young. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2018;20(4):15. doi: 10.1007/s11894-018-0618-9.

Silla IO, Rueda D, Rodríguez Y, García JL, de la Cruz Vigo F, Perea J. Early-onset colorectal cancer: a separate subset of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(46):17288-17296. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i46.17288.