تأثير التدريب البدني القائم على ثقافة نياس على قدرة الطلاب على التحمل القلبي الوعائي
الكلمات المفتاحية:
ثقافة نياس، القدرة على التحمل القلبي الوعائي، اللياقة الهوائية، الشبابالملخص
الخلفية: تتراجع القدرة على التحمل القلبي الوعائي لدى الشباب نتيجةً لقلة مشاركتهم في التدريبات التقليدية. ويُعدّ التدريب البدني المُستوحى من ثقافة نياس بديلاً واعداً، إلا أن الأدلة التجريبية لا تزال محدودة.
الهدف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم فعالية برنامج تدريب بدني مُنظّم مُستوحى من ثقافة نياس، يتضمن أنشطة فاتيو وفاسوكو، في تحسين القدرة على التحمل القلبي الوعائي لدى الشباب.
المنهجية: أُجريت دراسة تجريبية قبل وبعد لمدة 12 أسبوعاً، شملت 120 طالباً (تتراوح أعمارهم بين 18 و22 عاماً) تم اختيارهم بطريقة العينة الهادفة، وقُسّموا إلى مجموعتين: مجموعة التدريب البدني المُستوحى من ثقافة نياس (NCBPT)، ومجموعة التدريب التقليدي (CG) التي حافظت على أنشطتها البدنية اليومية المعتادة. مارس المشاركون برنامج NCBPT ثلاث مرات أسبوعياً (30-60 دقيقة/جلسة). وقُيّمت القدرة على التحمل القلبي الوعائي باستخدام اختبار الجري المكوكية لمسافة 20 متراً. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام اختبار شابيرو-ويلك، واختبار ليفين، واختبار t للعينات المزدوجة، ومعامل كوهين (d) عند مستوى دلالة إحصائية p < 0.05.
النتائج: تحسنت قدرة التحمل القلبي الوعائي في كلتا المجموعتين، مع تفوق مجموعة برنامج التدريب البدني المكثف (NCBPT) بشكل ملحوظ (Δ = 6.16، 21.6%، معامل كوهين d = 1.02) على المجموعة التقليدية (Δ = 1.20، 4.2%، معامل كوهين d = 0.94). تشير هذه النتائج إلى أن برنامج NCBPT كان أكثر فعالية بشكل ملحوظ في تعزيز القدرة الهوائية مقارنةً بالأنشطة البدنية التقليدية.
الاستنتاجات: أظهر برنامج NCBPT فعالية فائقة في تعزيز قدرة التحمل القلبي الوعائي مقارنةً بالمجموعة الضابطة. يوفر هذا النهج استراتيجية تدريبية عملية ومناسبة ثقافيًا لتحسين اللياقة الهوائية في السياقات الرياضية والتعليمية.
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