Prevention and Management of Platinum Compounds-Induced Neurotoxicity

Abstract

Oncologists considered platinum-based medicines as potent cytotoxic agents. Despite their efficacy in combination chemotherapy regimens for many solid tumors, they have many substantial side effects that limit their use. There is no known prophylactic strategy for platinum drugs-induced neurotoxicity, which limit a therapeutic dose benefit. This review highlights the etiology of platinum-drugs-induced neuropathy, and covers the preventative and therapeutic options for cancer patients. It focuses on clinical studies conducted between 2010 and 2020. Loss of functional indications such as touch, vibration and joint location, as well as diminished or missing deep tendon reflexes in the upper and lower limbs are all markers of neurotoxicity. These side effects may last for months or years after treatment, lower quality of life, and creating a substantial survivorship issue. DNA damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulation of intracellular signaling, impairment of voltage gated ion channel function, and neuro-inflammation have all been proposed as mechanisms for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). There are no proven pharmaceutical or nutritional therapies to prevent CIPN. Several anti-CIPN medications have been investigated, but either had no effect or had an effect in a limited sample study. Supportive care medications such anti-epileptics and antidepressants are used to treat CIPN.