Assessment of Missed Opportunities of Immunization among Children Below Five Years Attending Primary Healthcare Centers in Al-Karkh District, Baghdad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v8i2(Special).1468Keywords:
Immunization, Missed apportunities, Primary healthcare, Vaccine preventable diseasesAbstract
Background: A missed opportunity of immunization (MOI) is one of the important contributing factors for the poor immunization status of the Al-Karkh district in Baghdad city. Objective: The present study is aimed at knowing the prevalence of MOI in children attending primary health care centers. Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional interview and has been conducted in primary health care centers in Baghdad/Al-Karkh, including 400 children aged under five years enrolled randomly collected during the period from the 1st of October 2022 to the 5th of January 2023. The present study used the standard protocols recommended by the WHO to assess missed opportunities of immunization. Results: The mean age of children was 17.24 months with a standard deviation of 15.13 months. 57.3% of the children were male and 42.8% were female. The prevalence of missed opportunities for immunization among children aged 1–59 months in Al-Karkh district was 224.5%. Conclusions: There is a highly significant relationship between the missed opportunities of immunization and child age, as well as strong relationships between the missed opportunities of immunization and the educational level of the mother and socioeconomic status. Raise vaccination awareness among those who look after children and deepen their understanding of the advantages of immunization.
Downloads
References
Tawfeeq WA, Akef IR. Missed Opportunities for Immunization among Young Children in Baghdad/AlKarkh. IJPHRD. 2018;9(11):396. doi: 10.5958/0976-5506.2018.01493.6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2018.01487.0
Muluneh F, Wubetu M, Abate A. Missed opportunity for routine immunization and its associated factors in Gozamen District Health Centers, Northwestern Ethiopia. GPH. 2020. doi: 10.1177/2333794X20981306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X20981306
Jacob N, Coetzee D. Missed opportunities for immunisation in health facilities in Cape Town, South Africa. SMJ. 2015;105(11):917-921. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2015.v105i11.10194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2015.v105i11.10194
Sheikh A, Iqbal B, Ehtamam A, Rahim M, Shaikh HA, Usmani HA, et al. Reasons for non-vaccination in pediatric patients visiting tertiary care centers in a polio-prone country. Arch Pub Health. 2013 Dec;71:1-8. doi: 10.1186/0778-7367-71-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/0778-7367-71-19
World Health Organization. Methodology for the Assessment of Missed Opportunities for Vaccination. 2017. Geneva (Switzerland): WHO. http://apps.who.int/bookorders
Verma SK, Mourya HK, Yadav A, Mourya S, Dabi DR. Assessment of missed opportunities of immunization in children visiting health facility. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2017;4(5):1748. doi: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20173778. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20173778
Li AJ, Peiris TS, Sanderson C, Lochlainn LN, Mausiry M, et al. Opportunities to improve vaccination coverage in a country with a fledgling health system: Findings from an assessment of missed opportunities for vaccination among health center attendees—Timor Leste, 2016. Vaccine. 2019;37(31):4281-90. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.041. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.041
Tesfaye TD, Temesgen WA, Kasa AS. Vaccination coverage and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in Northwest Ethiopia. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2018;14(10):2348-2354. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1502528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1502528
Li AJ, Tabu C, Shendale S, Sergon K, Okoth PO, Mugoya IK, et al. Assessment of missed opportunities for vaccination in Kenyan health facilities, 2016. PloS one. 2020;15(8):e0237913. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237913. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237913
Molan JA. Factors influencing compliance with immunization regimen among mothers in Basrah, Iraq. MJBU. 2020;38(1):37-46. doi: 10.33762/mjbu.2020.126642.1002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33762/mjbu.2020.126642.1002
Adetokunboh O, Iwu-Jaja CJ, Nnaji CA, Ndwandwe D. Missed opportunities for vaccination in Africa. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;71:55-61. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.05.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2021.05.002
Albaugh N, Mathew J, Choudhary R, Sitaraman S, Tomar A, Bajwa IK, et al. Determining the burden of missed opportunities for vaccination among children admitted in healthcare facilities in India: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(3):e046464. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046464. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046464
Zida-Compaore WI, Ekouevi DK, Gbeasor-Komlanvi FA, Sewu EK, Blatome T, Gbadoe AD, et al. Immunization coverage and factors associated with incomplete vaccination in children aged 12 to 59 months in health structures in Lomé. BMC Res. Notes. 2019;12:1-7. doi: 10.1186/s13104-019-4115-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4115-5
Hassan ZA, Ahmed MJ. Factors associated with immunisation coverage of children aged 12–24 months in Erbil/Iraq 2017–2018. Int J Psychosoc Rehabil. 2020;24(08):12222-35. doi: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I8/PR281205.
Ali AH, Abdullah MA, Saad FM, Mohamed HA. Immunisation of children under 5 years: mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice in Alseir locality, Northern State, Sudan. Sudan J Paediatr. 2020;20(2):152. doi: 10.24911%2FSJP.106-1586870453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24911/SJP.106-1586870453
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Published by Al-Rafidain University College. This is an open access journal issued under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
