Physical Exercise at High Altitudes Increases Erythropoietin Hormone Secretion: A Systematic Review

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1031

Keywords:

Erythropoietin, High-Altitude, Hormone, Physical Exercise

Abstract

Objective: To investigate and quantify the mechanism by which exercise at high altitude increases the release of the erythropoietin hormone. Methods: This study examines many journal databases, such as Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Among the criteria considered in this study were articles published within the last five years, as well as those on erythropoietin, physical activity, and high-altitude training. We only rejected publications published in anonymous journals for inclusion in this analysis. We successfully identified 2510 papers in total using the Embase, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Scopus databases. We have looked at and reviewed approximately ten papers that address the requirements for this systemic breakthrough. We developed standard operating procedures for the current investigation using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Results: The systemic analysis reveals that physical activity at altitude elevates the hormone erythropoietin, leading to an increase in erythrocyte count. Furthermore, it can improve physical performance by increasing oxygen delivery to cells, thereby potentially triggering energy system function. Conclusions: Anaerobic physical exercise at an altitude of 4000-5000 m for a minimum of four weeks can have a real impact on increasing levels of the hormone erythropoietin. For further research and analysis, it is advisable to find out what genes trigger the release of the hormone erythropoietin.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Novadri Ayubi, Sport and Exercise Research Center, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

a

References

Dragos O, Alexe DI, Ursu EV, Alexe CI, Voinea NL, Haisan PL, et al. Training in hypoxia at alternating high altitudes is a factor favoring the increase in sports performance. Healthcare. 2022;10(11):2296. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10112296.

Baranauskas MN, Fulton TJ, Fly AD, Martin BJ, Mickleborough TD, Chapman RF. High intraindividual variability in the response of serum erythropoietin to multiple simulated altitude exposures. High Alt Med Biol. 2022;23(1):85-89. doi:10.1089/ham.2021.0154.

Man MC, Ganera C, Bărbuleț GD, Krzysztofik M, Panaet AE, Cucui AI, et al. The modifications of haemoglobin, erythropoietin values and running performance while training at mountain vs. hilltop vs. seaside. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(18):9486. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189486.

Wang JC, Yim KT, Choi YC. Effects of LHTH training at 1600 m on exercise performance, complete blood count and erythropoietin: A case study of South Korean elite male cross-country skiers. J Mens Health. 2022;18(9). doi:10.31083/j.jomh1809187.

Fernández-Lázaro D, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Santamaría G, Gutiérrez-Abejón E, Domínguez-Ortega C, García-Lázaro SM, et al. Adequacy of an altitude fitness program (living and training) plus intermittent exposure to hypoxia for improving hematological biomarkers and sports performance of elite athletes: A single-blind randomized clinical trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(15):9095. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159095.

Wiśniewska A, Płoszczyca K, Czuba M. Changes in erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor following the use of different altitude training concepts. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2020;60(5):677-684. doi:10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10404-3.

Saunders PU, Garvican-Lewis LA, Chapman RF, Périard JD. Special environments: Altitude and heat. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019;29(2):210-219. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0256.

González-Ravé JM, Pyne DB, del Castillo JA, González-Mohíno F, Stone MH. Training periodization for a world-class 400 meters individual medley swimmer. Biol Sport. 2022;39(4):883-888. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2022.109954.

Richalet JP. The invention of hypoxia. J Appl Physiol. 2021;130(5):1573-1582. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00936.2020.

Fernández-Lázaro D, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Adams DP, González-Bernal JJ, Fernández Araque A, Cano García A, et al. Electromyography: A simple and accessible tool to assess physical performance and health during hypoxia training. A systematic review. Sustainability. 2020;12(21):9137. doi: 10.3390/su12219137.

González-Ravé JM, Castillo JA, González-Mohino F, Pyne DB. Periodization of altitude training: A collective case study of high-level swimmers. Front Physiol. 2023;14(February):1-7. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1140077.

Breda FL, Manchado-Gobatto FB, de Barros Sousa FA, Beck WR, Pinto A, Papoti M, Scariot PPM, et al. Complex networks analysis reinforces centrality hematological role on aerobic-anaerobic performances of the Brazilian Paralympic endurance team after altitude training. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):1148. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-04823-w.

Poole DC, Musch TI. Capillary-mitochondrial oxygen transport in muscle: Paradigm shifts. Function. 2023;4(3):1-26. doi: 10.1093/function/zqad013.

Nagel MJ, Jarrard CP, Lalande S. Effect of a single session of intermittent hypoxia on erythropoietin and oxygen-carrying capacity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(19):1-10. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197257.

Hobbins L, Girard O, Gaoua N, Hunter S. Acute psycho-physiological responses to perceptually regulated hypoxic and normoxic interval walks in overweight-to-obese adults. J Sci Med Sport. 2021;24(5):481-487. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.11.011.

Xingna W, Siriphan C. Effects of altitude training on recovery ability and maximum oxygen consumption of elite male taekwondo. Int J Sociol Anthropol Sci Rev. 2024;4(1):11-22. doi: 10.60027/ijsasr.2024.3517.

Gaur P, Saini S, Ray K, Kishore K, Asanbekovna KN, Almaz Akunov A, et al. Comparative analysis of high altitude hypoxia induced erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis in Indian and Kyrgyz lowlander males. Curr Res Biotechnol. 2020;2:120-130. doi: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2020.10.001.

Fernández-Lázaro D, Ayuso JM, García AC, Fernández JP, Martínez AC. Artificial altitude training strategies: Is there a correlation between the haematological and physical performance parameters? Arch Med del Deport. 2020;37(1):35-42. doi: 10.18176/archmeddeporte.00052.

Sanz-quinto S, Girard O, López R, Brizuela G, Ramón MM. Hematological and ventilatory responses to a 3900 m altitude Sojourn in an elite wheelchair-marathoner. Eur J Sport Sci. 2022;1(1):1-8. doi: 10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.1.2

Hermosilla F, González-Rave JM, Castillo JA, Pyne DB. Periodization and programming for individual 400 m medley swimmers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(12). doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126474.

Lukanova-Jakubowska A, Piechota K, Grzywacz T, Ambroży T, Rydzik Ł, Ozimek M. The impact of four high-altitude training camps on the aerobic capacity of a short track Pyeong Chang 2018 olympian: A case study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7). doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073814.

Huang L, Li T, Zhou M, Deng M, Zhang L, Yi L, et al. Hypoxia improves endurance performance by enhancing short chain fatty acids production via gut microbiota remodeling. Front Microbiol. 2022;12:820691. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.820691.

Katayama K, Saito M. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity during exercise. J Physiol Sci. 2019;69(4):589-598. doi: 10.1007/s12576-019-00669-6.

Travers G, Kippelen P, Trangmar SJ, González-Alonso J. Physiological function during exercise and environmental stress in humans—An integrative view of body systems and homeostasis. Cells. 2022;11(3). doi: 10.3390/cells11030383.

Weiss MJ, Bhoopalan SV, Huang LJ. Erythropoietin regulation of red blood cell production: From bench to bedside and back. F1000Research. 2020;9:1-17. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.26648.1.

Sepriadi, Jannah K, Eldawaty. The effect of jogging exercise to improve hemoglobin levels. J Phys Conf Ser. 2020;1481(1). doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1481/1/012028.

Eltonsy S, Dufour Doiron M, Simard P, Jose C, Sénéchal M, Bouchard DR, et al. Effects of the combination of metformin and exercise on glycated hemoglobin, functional capacity, lipid profile, quality of life, and body weight. J Int Med Res. 2019;47(3):1131-1145. doi: 10.1177/0300060518817164.

Downloads

Published

2024-07-06

How to Cite

Ayubi, N., Wibawa, J. C., & Aljunaid, M. (2024). Physical Exercise at High Altitudes Increases Erythropoietin Hormone Secretion: A Systematic Review. Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ), 7(1), 29–33. https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1031

Issue

Section

Review article

Similar Articles

1 2 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.